Protractor

Protractor is an end-to-end test framework for AngularJS applications.
Protractor runs tests against your application running in a real browser, interacting with it as a user would.

是什么

功能

  • 模拟真实的用户操作行为
  • 针对AngularJS中的Element不需要做特殊的处理，普通HTML元素也同样支持
  • 智能等待，不需要为页面中的加载和同步显示做特殊的等待时间处理

安装

  • 安装Node和JDK

    • Protractor 3支持NodeJS v4以上
    • 使用NodeJS v0.12,需要使用Protractor 2

  • 安装Protractor: npm install -g protractor

    • 此命令会同时安装protractor和webdriver-manager
    • webdriver-manager：为于管理所有的webdriver

  • 安装webdriver: webdriver-manager update

    • 此命令会安装和更新webdriver,其它命令及用法
    Usage: webdriver-manager <command>
Commands:
  update: install or update selected binaries
  start: start up the selenium server
  status: list the current available drivers
  clean: removes all downloaded driver files from the out_dir

End To End Testing

页面分析-Page Object

  • 页面地址： https://www.angularjs.org/

  • 功能

    页面中的"The Basics"部分，在右侧的`Name`输入框中输入`Julie`后，下方原有的`Hello !`会变更为`Hello Julie!`

  • 元素分析

    • Name输入框
      • 元素页面源码：<input type="text" ng-model="yourName" placeholder="Enter a name here" class="ng-valid ng-touched ng-dirty ng-valid-parse ng-empty">，元素ng-model可直接使用Protractor的元素定位方法：element(by.model('yourName')),
    • 文本显示
      • 元素源码：<h1 class="ng-binding">Hello !</h1> ,元素class="ng-binding"可直接使用Protractor的元素定位方法：element(by.binding('yourName'))

  • Page Object设计: AngularHomepage.js

      var AngularHomepage = function() {
	  var nameInput = element(by.model('yourName'));
	  var greeting = element(by.binding('yourName'));

	  this.get = function() {
	    browser.get('http://www.angularjs.org');
	  };

	  this.setName = function(name) {
	    nameInput.sendKeys(name);
	  };

	  this.getGreeting = function() {
	    return greeting.getText();
	  };
  };
  module.exports = AngularHomepage;

测试代码：spec.js

var pageObject = require('../pageObject/AngularHomepage.js');

describe('angularjs homepage', function() {
  it('should greet the named user', function() {
    var angularHomepage = new pageObject();
    angularHomepage.get();

    angularHomepage.setName('Julie');

    expect(angularHomepage.getGreeting()).toEqual('Hello Julie!');
  });
});
  • pageObject: 加载Page Object
  • var angularHomepage = new pageObject();: 创建一个Page Object对象
  • angularHomepage.get();: 打问AngularHomepage首页，调用browser.get('http://www.angularjs.org');
  • angularHomepage.setName('Julie');: 设置nameInput值为Julie，调用nameInput.sendKeys(name);
  • expect(angularHomepage.getGreeting()).toEqual('Hello Julie!');: 测试greeting的值与Hello Julie!是否相等，相等则测试通过,不相等，则测试失败

启动webdriver

  • 启动webdriver: webdriver-manager start

    • 启动Selenium Server
    seleniumProcess.pid: 49863
11:24:51.400 INFO - Launching a standalone Selenium Server
Setting system property webdriver.chrome.driver to /usr/local/lib/node_modules/protractor/selenium/chromedriver_2.21
11:24:51.452 INFO - Java: Oracle Corporation 25.60-b23
11:24:51.452 INFO - OS: Mac OS X 10.11.2 x86_64
11:24:51.467 INFO - v2.52.0, with Core v2.52.0. Built from revision 4c2593c
11:24:51.549 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{ensureCleanSession=true, browserName=internet explorer, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform MAC
11:24:51.550 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{browserName=MicrosoftEdge, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform MAC
11:24:51.550 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver
11:24:51.550 INFO - Driver provider com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver is not registered
11:24:51.656 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub
11:24:51.656 INFO - Selenium Server is up and running

执行Protractor

  • 执行Protractor: protractor conf.js

    • 执行过程中，会真实的把浏览器挂起，并显示真实的页面信息
    • 执行结束时，会自动把浏览器关闭,且webdriver日志会记录本次执行过程中的日志信息

  • Protractoc执行过程日志

    [11:32:19] I/hosted - Using the selenium server at http://localhost:4444/wd/hub
[11:32:19] I/launcher - Running 1 instances of WebDriver
Started
.


1 spec, 0 failures
Finished in 5.401 seconds
[11:32:27] I/launcher - 0 instance(s) of WebDriver still running
[11:32:27] I/launcher - firefox #01 passed

  • webdriver启动的Selenium Server中也会记录本次请求的相关日志

总结

  • 以上涉及的源码已提交到Git: https://github.com/aimer1124/protractorWithPageObject.git,便于查阅
  • Protractor支持ETE测试，特别是针对AngularJS的项目
  • Protractor的webdriver-manager将webdriver统一管理，减少测试人员在使用过程中针对webdriver的管理操作，将主要精力集中于ETE的测试

参考